Jewish parents from having to reduce their completed fertility or to increase their labor supply. In contrast, Arab families …—who lacked access to comparable informal insurance—responded by reducing completed fertility and increasing paternal employment …

mothers (sex ratio among live children, fertility preferences) and children (mother's use of antenatal care, survival …, nutritional status, immunization, schooling) using statewide household survey data on fertility and child health and constructing … female children as well as total desired fertility. They also find that parents increased their investment in daughters …

This chapter reviews the literature on the causal effects of policies on fertility. It focuses on evidence from … experiments and quasi-experiments in low fertility contexts, including studies from Europe, Northern America, Oceania and Asia … insurance, and financial incentives such as child transfers. Childcare expansions increase completed fertility. Financial …

This paper presents novel causal evidence on the effects of pro-natalist cash transfers on fertility, sex ratio at … total fertility rate in 2015 would have been 4.7% lower without the cash transfers. Surprisingly, the cash transfers had an …

fertility of third and subsequent births. As of April 2017, all third and subsequent born children to low-income families in the …-order fertility among lowincome families. However, compared to earlier research in the UK and elsewhere, largely based on benefit … low income families. Our results imply that the main impact of cuts to child benefits is not to reduce fertility but to …

, affect fertility. We use a comprehensive, nonpublic, individual-level panel dataset that includes fertility histories and … positive effect on fertility, with the mean level of child subsidies producing a 7.8 percent increase in fertility. The … positive effect of child subsidies on fertility is concentrated in the bottom half of the income distribution. It is present …