This paper focuses on the climate change challenge faced by Central & Eastern European countries both those inside the European Union and those outside it. They have enormous energy intensity and associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, mainly from energy production, which is oil, and worse,...

Present work is focused on building a TRNSYS simulation model of solar water heating (SWH) system using heat pipe evacuated tubes, hybridized with conventional fuel (i.e., natural gas) backup to provide uninterrupted thermal energy supply. An experimental facility was developed to validate the...