to and effects of such a revenue transition. The transition in South Africa from a tax revenue structure anchored by … general revenue needs of the government led to the introduction of income taxes in 1914 and a broad-based consumption tax in … meant that import taxes became markedly less important tax handles during the course of the 20th century. As a result, the …

Reforms over the past two decades have produced a well-balanced, modern tax system. However, considerable revenues will … of total tax revenue but are levied on small tax bases, partly reflecting the distribution of income. A revenue source … less detrimental to growth is consumption taxes, which are mostly raised by the relatively broad value-added tax …

to and effects of such a revenue transition. The transition in South Africa from a tax revenue structure anchored by … general revenue needs of the government led to the introduction of income taxes in 1914 and a broad-based consumption tax in … meant that import taxes became markedly less important tax handles during the course of the 20th century. As a result, the …

to and effects of such a revenue transition. The transition in South Africa from a tax revenue structure anchored by … general revenue needs of the government led to the introduction of income taxes in 1914 and a broad-based consumption tax in … meant that import taxes became markedly less important tax handles during the course of the 20th century. As a result, the …

stabilise the debt ratio in the medium term and fund unmet public services needs. The tax-benefit system needs to be redesigned … around half of total tax revenues, but are levied on small tax bases, partly reflecting the unequal distribution of income …. Only the value-added tax has a relatively broad basis combined with a moderate tax rate. There is some scope to raise …

We examine the determinants of the use of loan loss provisions to smooth income by banks in South Africa. More … behaviour of South African banks while controlling for the traditional determinants of bank income smoothing via loan loss … provisions. We find that South African banks do not use loan loss provisions to smooth income when they are (i) undercapitalised …

which is a type of earnings management. It compares the income smoothing behaviour of banks in the UK, France, South Africa … Africa during the period examined. Banks in Egypt used LLPs to smooth income before the global financial crisis. Meanwhile …

, reducing the default penalty the banks profits increase whereas reducing the CAR violation penalty banks profits decrease. The … penalties are reduced the banks profits increase. Moreover, regulatory policies which are targeted at different banks produce … asymmetric results as well capitalized banks with richer portfolios swiftly readjust their balance sheet and transfer the default …