China's shifting economic circumstances have been impacting the structure of its economic cooperation with North Korea. The Chinese economy has been slowing down since 2007 and China's Northeastern region has been suffering from labor shortage, especially young labor. Decreasing raw material...

The year 2015 marked the first time North Korea's trade with China shrank since 2009. According to China Customs, North Korea's trade with China in 2015 recorded 5.4 billion, a drop by 14.7% from 6.4 billion in 2014. Exports to China recorded 2.5 billion, 12.6% lower than the 2.8 billion in...

This paper examines various channels and issues for foreign firms to invest in inter-Korean economic cooperation with the assumption that inter-Korean economic cooperation can be resumed after sanctions against North Korea have been lifted, and the same treatment is applied to foreign firms....

(Korean Abstract) 본 연구는 김정은 위원장 집권 10년을 정권 승계기(2011년 12월~2012년), 집권 1기(2013~17년), 집권 2기 (2018~21년)로 구분하여 각 집권 시기별로 북한이 추진하였던 대외정책의 특징을 규명하고, 이를 바탕으로...

Since the Korea-U.S. (KORUS) FTA entered into force on March 15, 2012, both sides have reviewed its status of implementation through various joint committee and working group meetings, and discussed ways to further advance their cooperation on bilateral trade issues for successful...

This study examines the necessity and possibility of an inter-Korean FTA in order to expand inter-Korean economic cooperation and economic integration between the two Koreas. In the meantime, inter-Korean economic cooperation has been free of tariffs (zero tariffs) since 1992 in accordance with...

Scholars studying the North Korean economy say that North Korea (NK) faces three difficulties by the end of 2020: sanctions against NK, Covid19, and flood damage. There are four ways to gauge the economic situation in North Korea: trade data, international reporting, prices, and North Korean...

North Korea declared a “breakthrough in sanctions” through self-rehabilitation at the Labor Party Central Committee meeting held on December 28-31, 2019. How is the North Korean economy now? In 2019, North Korea’s imports and exports to China each slightly increased compared to the...

The second North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit broke down without producing an agreement. Although the denuclearization talks between North Korea and the United States will need to progress further for the situation to become clear, it appears that the U.S. considers sanctions against North...