This paper examines how class closures affect the academic achievements of Japanese students in primary and middle … schools, with a special focus on the heterogeneous effects of the socioeconomic backgrounds of students' households. Utilizing … the administrative data of students from a city in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area, we estimated the effects of class closures …

.g. Crawford, 2014), which shows that, amongst students with the same grades on entry to university, those from worse …

The existing literature on instructor gender preferences by students has a glaring gap. Namely, when college students …