Although explicit discrimination in access to social programs is typically prohibited, more subtle forms of discrimination prior to the formal application process may still exist. Unveiling this phenomenon, we provide the first causal evidence of discrimination against migrants seeking child...

"We the disinherited of this land" : Kinship with the poor, 1929/ 1956 -- "We have a powerful instrument" : Rights unionism and the cold war, 1957/ 1963 -- "Northern ghettos are the prisons of forgotten men" : Labor and civil rights at the crossroads, 1964/ 1966 -- "In God's economy" :...

Race relations and economic progress -- The economic, racial, and political contexts of the cities -- Blacks and business sector employment -- African Americans in the municipal workforces -- Race, gender, and ethnicity : competition for employment opportunities -- Affirmative action and Black...