Introduction -- The emergence of the work-first prescription -- Welfare reform and access to postsecondary education: national trends -- The implementation of welfare reform: consistency and change -- The workforce investment act: investment or disinvestment? -- The implementation of WIA: does...

The paper seeks to take stock of some of the key APEC documents/reports relevant to social protection and safety net programs, and also of the experience of APEC member-economies, with special focus on the Philippines, in implementing social protection measures. In particular, it attempts to...

The fiscal sustainability of state pensions is a central concern of policymakers in nearly every advanced economy. Policymakers have attempted to ensure the sustainability of these programs in recent decades by raising retirement ages. However, there are concerns that keeping older workers in...