The almost continuous stagnation of the Japanese economy for the past two decades has had an adverse impact on Japanese households from at least three perspectives: A decline in the standard of living, an increase in risks and uncertainties relating to livelihood, employment, old age, etc., and...

All the progress made by the economists who established the theory of welfare, are based on the needs for the progress in engineering that marked out the era of the industrial revolution. All the models that go along with these theories are based on the science of engineering and contributed at...