Understanding basic financial concepts such as simple and compound interest, inflation, and risk diversification are essential prerequisites to possessing a minimum level of financial literacy. People who are financially literate are better equipped to manage the increasingly complex challenge...

This article measures the total government indebtedness, total investment and gross national savings of Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Spain, (GIPS). Using data from the International Monetary Fund, IMF, we describe the current situation for the period 2000 to 2018. Macroeconomic indicators such...