Portugal and Spain. Portugal and Spain are two countries that share the same peninsular space in the west corner of Europe … two countries (Portugal joined the gold standard while Spain remained off the gold standard). Finally, the Bank of … Portugal and the Bank of Spain exhibit also significant contrasts in their behavior as central banks. …

liabilities. Spain’s negative net international investment position increased to 84.3% of GDP, essentially as a result of the …

According to the balance of payments statistics, Spain's net lending stood at 2.3% as a percentage of GDP in 2019 … restrict movement adopted in Spain and in source countries. Future developments in inbound tourism, in particular, will depend …

since 1999, Italy and Spain have performed better in the non-euro area than in the euro-area markets. Competitiveness in the …

measures. However, the competitiveness gap in 2014 vis-à-vis Germany remained unchanged in Italy and Spain, while it increased … marginally in France. The cumulative trend for 1999-2014 in France, Germany and Spain was more favorable vis-à-vis euro …

flows between the United States and Spain. This study uses monthly trade flows on United States exports to and imports from … Spain over the period from January 1993 to December 2012 and the method of bounds testing or the Autoregressive Distributed …

survey conducted in Spain by PwC among a panel of experts and entrepreneurs. Our results suggest that the PwC panel have some …