This paper studies the relationship between parental employment and time with children in Spain. We find large differences across genders in basic primary and secondary childcare, but not in quality primary childcare. The analysis shows no significant differences in quality primary childcare...

This paper investigates transitions from employment to non-employment and downward occupational mobility after motherhood in Spain. Around 40 per cent of Spanish women who were at work 1 year before childbearing leave employment, most permanently, and one-third of these exits move to...