organisation, issuer, acquirer). The book discusses the effects of regulatory interchange fee reductions in Australia, USA, Spain …

by using the modified-cash-deposits-ratio (MCDR) approach recently developed by Pickhardt and Sardà (2011, EJLE). We then … economy ; shadow economy ; hidden economy ; black economy ; cash-deposit-ratio ; currency demand approach ; MIMIC approach …

The article highlights how the distribution of the cash infrastructure affects cash users in Spain. The more cash … infrastructures are scaled down and/or concentrated, the wider the gap becomes between those who have difficulty accessing cash and … those who have easy access to it. To assess the coverage of the cash infrastructure and, therefore, the level of access to …