crisis. The paper recommends obligatory priv ate savings at a variable rate where the time path of the savings rate is chosen …

How can retirement savings be increased? We explore a unique policy change in the context of the German pension system … these letters on the behavior of individuals. We find an increase in tax-deductible private retirement savings and provide … evidence that this is not due to a crowding-out of other forms of savings. We also show that labor earnings, i.e. the most …

Public pay-as-you-go pensions still form the dominant pillar of old-age provision in Germany. This is in marked … recovery from the Great Recession. It has disadvantages, as Germany will be ageing very rapidly in the near future. Following a …