Building and Loan Associations (B&Ls) financed over half of new houses constructed in the U.S. during the 1920s but they lost their predominance within the following decades as they were pushed to convert into Savings and Loans (S&Ls). This study examines whether the U.S. government-insured...

This paper examines the impact of financial access on the accumulation of domestic savings in emerging markets (EMs) covering countries from Latin America, Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA), and Asia as classified by the Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) index. We use the System...

This paper is based on the results deriving from the Survey of Financial Competences (ECF) in an attempt to contribute to the improvement of financial education policy designs, and it pursues several objectives: (i) to quantify the financial knowledge of individuals, (ii) to relate this...

Currently, the electronic wallet (e-wallet) payment method has been commonly used in Indonesia and slowly has been replacing cash as a payment method. Fintech companies, which mostly operate e-wallet services in Indonesia, are able to make short-term investments using their consumers’ e-wallet...

We study bank policies to limit lending to companies engaged in mountaintop removal (MTR) coal mining, a form of coal extraction that has raised many environmental concerns. Using the staggered introduction of these policies, we document that these policies did not lead to meaningful changes in...

Cooperatives are considered to have provided benefits and advantages for the community who are members of the cooperative especially, both households, community groups and business actors. However, with the development of the world economy, the existence of cooperatives is now considered to be...

This study attempts to determine the factors affecting saving in the Islamic banks in Indonesia. By employing the Vector Autoregressive and its associated Impulse Response Function analysis for all Islamic banks in Indonesia from March 2000 to August 2007, the study analyzes the importance of...

Uruguay implemented an ambitious financial inclusion program that included a fiscal stimulus through VAT rebates and subsidies for point of sale (POS) adoption. One of its main provisions banned cash payment of wages and social benefits and forced financial institutions to open wage-accounts...