We explore how fiscal consolidations affect private sector confidence, a possible channel for the fiscal transmission …) show that consolidations, and in particular their unanticipated components affect confidence negatively. The effects are … accurate picture of how consolidations affect confidence, we construct a monthly dataset of consolidation announcements based …

savings response to a permanent increase in income tax. In 2015, Singapore marginally raised the income taxes on high … savings downward. The pattern is prevalent across consumer demographics, and is unexplained by consumer inattentiveness …

. We do so by analyzing Pakistan's National Savings Scheme (NSS). The NSS has a number of unusual attributes, and its …, we look at the relationship between deposits in the National Savings Scheme, bank deposits, and foreign currency deposits …

posture, we recommend deep cuts in nuclear weapons and missile defense spending. Additional savings can be obtained by …

Anreize für obere Einkommensgruppen, ihre Investitionen zu erhöhen und ihr Sparen zu verringern. 4. Eine Umverteilung von … sector and the foreign sector simultaneously increase their financial deficits and the household sector cuts its surplus … countries. Savings rates of private households have increased during the crisis. In order to reduce them various alternatives …