A space–time filter is set forth for spatial panel data situations that include random effects. We propose a general spatial dynamic specification that encompasses several spatiotemporal models previously used in the panel data literature. We apply the model to the case of highway induced...

This study investigates the pattern of knowledge spillovers arising from patent activity between European regions. A Bayesian hierarchical model is developed that specifies region-specific latent factors modeled using a connectivity structure between regions that can reflect geographical as well...

We develop a general space-time filter applied to panel data models in order to control for heterogeneity as well as both time and spatial dependence. Treatment of initial period observations is analyzed when the number of time periods is small. A second issue relates to an implied restriction...