We study odd-lot trading and determine if an odd-lot trade results from odd-lot orders or if odd-lots are a result of orders broken into multiple trades. We confirm that odd-lot transactions contribute to price discovery. Our finding that odd-lot transactions contain substantial information is...

In this study we examine intense episodic spikes in quoting activity (frequently referred to as quote stuffing) on market conditions. We find that quote stuffing is pervasive and that over 74% of U.S. exchange-listed securities experienced at least one episode during 2010. We also find that...

Equity options exchanges in the United States use one of two models to execute marketable orders: the maker-taker model or the payment for order flow (PFOF) model. Exchanges utilizing the maker-taker model charge liquidity demanders a taker fee to access their liquidity. Exchanges utilizing the...