Forward sales is a credible commitment to aggressive spot market bidding, and it mitigates producers' market power in electricity markets. Still it can be profitable for a producer to make such a commitment if it results in a soft response from competitors in the spot market (strategies are...

Recently, Allaz (1992) characterized strategic and hedging incentives for entering forward contracts in a two-stage duopoly setting under the implicit assumption that positions in forward contracts are publicly observable. However, credible disclosure of such positions is, at best, costly and...