illegal gains, as often outlined in existing antitrust regulation, and detection probabilities depend on the degree of … collusion. We introduce cartel culture that describes how likely cartels persist after each conviction. Our analysis … disentangles the effects of traditional antitrust regulation, leniency, and cartel strategies. Without rewards to the strictly …

linked to illegal gains and detection probabilities depend on the degree of collusion. A novel aspect of this study is that … response to the introduction of (ex-ante and ex-post) leniency programs. We disentangle the effects of traditional antitrust … below the price under antitrust without leniency. On the other hand, for ex-post leniency, improvement is possible and …

are sufficiently high, trade liberalization facilitates collusion. Exactly the opposite is true if, for any given degree … of product substitutability, trade costs are sufficiently low. We also study the dependence of multimarket collusion on …

antitrust regulation on the endogenous maximal-sustainable cartel price. This impact depends upon industry characteristics … including its cartel culture. Our analysis disentangles the effects of traditional antitrust regulation and the leniency program …