The underrepresentation of women at the top of hierarchies is often explained by gender differences in preferences. We find support for this claim by analyzing a large dataset from an online card game community, a stylized yet natural setting characterized by self-selection into an uncertain,...

Gender inequality in several social structures of society is a long-standing issue. A more prevalent problem is the imbalance in leadership between males, females, and other communities. However, the statistics show a positive trend toward equality over the past few years, as more organizations...

We show that choices in competitive behavior may entail a gender wage gap. In our experi ments, employees first choose a remuneration scheme (competitive tournament vs. piece rate) and then conduct a real-effort task. Employers know the pie size the employee has generated, the remuneration...