both firms employ the identical price-setting algorithm based on Q-learning. Thus, the question arises whether the … underlying assumption that both firms employ a Q-learning algorithm can be supported as an equilibrium in a game where firms can … chose between different pricing rules. Our simulations show that when both firms use a learning algorithm, the outcome is …

, in theory, lead to a Correlated Equilibrium that can improve the overall payoffs of the agents. Here we explore whether …

Pareto optima. Using a decentralized multi-agent deep reinforcement learning algorithm to model how competing market makers …