Imagine an impoverished region that becomes eligible for a generous transfer programme (the treatment). Imagine difference-in-differences analysis (DiD)-a before-and-after comparison of the income-level handicap-shows that the handicap has risen. Most observers would conclude to the policy's...

Imagine a region suffering from a widening income gap that becomes eligible for a generous transfer programme (the treatment). Imagine difference-in-differences analysis (DD) — a before-and-after comparison of the income-level difference — shows that the handicap has risen. Most observers...

The iterated Bornhuetter-Ferguson loss reserving method generates an infinite sequence of reserve formulas, with the chain ladder and Bornhuetter-Ferguson formulas at opposite extremes. The sequence also contains the Benktander-Hovinen formula. Although the literature contains parametric...