This study investigates the strategic effect of return policies in a dual-channel supply chain, in which a manufacturer can sell products directly to end customers and indirectly via an independent retailer. The manufacturer decides whether to implement a return policy in either the direct or...

This paper studies the mean-variance portfolio selection under the assumption that the market state is modulated by a hidden Markov chain which is unobservable to investors. We employ a game-theoretic formulation to address the time-inconsistency arising in mean-variance analysis for portfolio...