We will present two measures of the competitive balance in professional Italian soccer, one based on the a club's historical rankings and one based on points scored per season. We will calculate and illustrate their characteristics for the Italian first division (the Serie A) between 1929 and...

We present two models to estimate the relevance of managerial ability on performance and the managerial skills in keeping up cultural diversity. We use a large database on professional soccer in England. The manager can have an impact on performance only by improving economic efficiency or by...