called ‘modernization.' Modernization redefined urban life and urbanization became a mandatory precondition to modernization … resources were drained out to support urban life. A dependency of rural upon urban was created. As a result urbanization … increased rapidly. At present there are such countries in the world where urbanization has reached to more than 90 per cent …

India has seen massive growth in its urban population in the recent decades. Government and policy makers are facing … paper also focuses on the challenges in financing smart city projects in India. Government of India has recently made the … India to convert 100 Cities into Smart Cities. The possible choices for smart city financing could be PPP, Debt financing …

There is an unprecedented growth of urbanization in India with a total urban population of 377 million (31%) in 2011 … of crimes. The Government of India (GoI) is going to build 100 smart cities across the country. The aim is to harness … infrastructure and providing other services for the proposed smart cities in India …