examine net migration rates for a sample of 171 medium and large cities for the period 1960 through 2002. We conclude that … unrestricted cities. This pattern seemingly came to an end in the late 1990s. …

examine net migration rates for a sample of 171 medium and large cities for the period 1960 through 2002. We conclude that … unrestricted cities. This pattern seemingly came to an end in the late 1990s. …

the Soviet and post-Soviet period. The cities where Gulag camps were located grew significantly faster than similar cities …

: cities that received a lot of investment (as measured by the GULAG population) in the 1930s-1950s, have a higher chance not … to revert to the previous trajectory, but to continue growing, while neglected cities are more likely to decline. …

interdependence of cities and the world economy in a climate policy context. Based on calibration data for 74 major OECD …