Since the issue first emerged in the policy arena in the early 2000s, economists have been debating the meaning and implications of FRAND licensing commitments within cooperative technology standard setting organizations (SSOs). Today the issue is global, with scholars and policymakers in...

To date, the majority of the debate surrounding a RAND licensing promise (for reasonable and non-discriminatory licensing) made in the context of standard setting has focused on what the "R" means; far less attention has been given to what is implied by the "ND". Not surprisingly, then, some...

Much has been written - especially in recent years - regarding the perceived problem of quot;over patentingquot; within cooperative standard setting. Because standards are thought to frequently convey market power to those firms whose patented technologies are included in the standard, the...

The quote in the title refers to a recurring principle in the Antitrust Guidelines for the Licensing of Intellectual Property, issued jointly by the US Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission in 1995. That report states that The Agencies' general approach in analyzing a licensing...

RAND commitments i.e., promises to license on reasonable and non-discriminatory terms play a key role in standard setting processes. However, the usefulness of those commitments has recently been questioned. The problem allegedly lies in the absence of a generally agreed test to determine...