Among the drivers of beneficial trade, international standards are at once among the most important and the least appreciated. Among the drivers of beneficial trade, international standards are at once among the most important and the least appreciated.Standards of a company-specific variety...

We first summarize the dominant interpretations of the "frontier" in the United States and predecessor colonies over the past 400 years: agricultural (1610s-1880s), industrial (1890s-1930s), scientific (1940s-1980s), and algorithmic (1990s-present). We describe the difference between the...