It is commonly observed that certification intermediaries mitigate informational asymmetries by “lending” reputational capital to support transacting parties' quality commitments. However, this proposition is challenged by cases in which well-established intermediaries have failed to detect...

Information technology markets in general, and wireless communications markets in particular, rely on standardization mechanisms to develop interoperable devices for rapid and secure data processing, storage and transmission. From 2G through the emergent 5G standard, wireless communications...