We call the realized variance (RV) calculated with observed prices contaminated by (market) microstructure noises (MNs) the noise-contaminated RV (NCRV), referring to the bias component in the NCRV associated with the MNs as the MN component. This paper develops a state space method for...

This paper analyzes the time-varying parameter vector autoregressive (TVP-VAR) model for the Japanese economy and monetary policy. The time-varying parameters are estimated via the Markov chain Monte Carlo method and the posterior estimates of parameters reveal the time-varying structure of the...