contains exogenous measures of physical disaster intensity, well suited for causal analysis. Empirical results suggest that … disaster in the top 1-percentile of the disaster index distribution increases government debt by almost 9 percent of GDP, while …

disaster intensity shows that natural disasters lead not only to output losses but also to further deterioration of countries …

disaster intensity shows that natural disasters lead not only to output losses but also to further deterioration of countries …

disaster.” However these assessments are based on different methodologies and approaches, and they often reach different … results. Besides methodological differences, these discrepancies are due to the multi-dimensionality in disaster impacts and … disaster, and emphasizes the most important mechanisms that explain and determine this cost. It does so by first explaining why …