The notion of "tail risk" has been a crucial consideration in modern risk management. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of the tail risk, we carry out an axiomatic study for risk measures which quantify the tail risk, that is, the behavior of a risk beyond a certain quantile. Such risk...

In this paper we provide a general mathematical framework for distributional transforms, which allows for many examples that are used extensively in the literature of finance, economics and optimization. We put a special focus on the class of probability distortions, which is a fundamental tool...