We derive formulae for the asymptotic density and distribution functions of the t-statistic for autoregressive unit roots based on M-estimators. The distribution depends upon a nuisance parameter. Consequently, new critical values for this test have to be generated for each new estimator that is...

We propose a class of statistics where the direction of one of the alternatives is incorporated. It is obtained by modifying a class of multivariate tests with elliptical confidence regions, not necessarily arising from normal-based distribution theory. The resulting statistics are easy to...