This study is possibly the first to investigate the impact of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions on life expectancy for 68 low- and middle-income countries for the 1990-2017 period. The analysis was carried out on a disaggregated basis on two dimensions: (1) the sources of CO2 emissions (i.e.,...

Comparisons of individual life expectancies over time and across demographic groups provide information for individuals making retirement decisions and for policy makers. For couples, analogous measures are the expected years both spouses will be alive (joint life expectancy) and the expected...

The paper takes the Leibnitz Integral Rule (LIR) under variable integration limits and demonstrates how it can be applied to a business firm's dynamic problem of determining its optimum level of investment activity, when the longevity (life span) of the investment is itself a variable determined...

This paper analyzes the effects of macro-economic conditions throughout life on the individual mortality rate. We estimate flexible duration models where the individual?s mortality rate depends on current conditions, conditions earlier in life (notably during childhood), calendar time, age,...

ABSTRACT/SYNOPSIS. Medicine is technologically dynamic but fiscally inertial. Major change in the health sector takes time. Responses to macroeconomic shocks are subject to lags of varying lengths, from several years to many decades. There may also be feedback and reverse causality, as when...

Dean Baker and Adriane Fugh-Berman have published a critique of a study I performed in 2007, entitled “Why has longevity increased more in some states than in others?” One of the conclusions I drew from that study was that medical innovation accounts for a substantial portion of recent...

The 19th century economist Thomas Robert Malthus hypothesized that the long-run supply of labor is completely elastic at a fixed wage-income evel because population growth tends to outstrip real output growth. Dynamic equilibrium with constant income and population is achieved through...

Is variation in empirical mortality across populations consistent with a hypothesis of selection? To examine this proposition an extended frailty mortality model is put forward; incorporating biological frailty; a common non-parametric hazard, joint for men and women, rep-resenting endogenous...

Background. Prior studies indicate the protective role of Ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation in human health, mediated by vitamin D synthesis. In this observational study, we empirically outline a negative association of UVB radiation as measured by ultraviolet index (UVI) with the number of COVID-19...

This is a rejoinder to a comment by Profs. Cutler and Miller (CM) on a recent paper of ours, “Public Health Efforts and the Decline in Urban Mortality” (NBER WP No. 25027), in which we examine the effect of water filtration on infant and total mortality using the same data as were used by CM...