This paper contributes to the discussion on Separate Accounting versus Formula Apportionment in the corporate income taxation of multinational enterprises (MNEs). The innovation of the analysis is that we consider a general equilibrium tax competition model with an endogenously determined world...

Implicit tax theory predicts that as capital moves to tax-favored investments, the expected pretax returns on those investments decrease. At the global level, this should create a positive relation between country-level tax rates and firm-level pretax returns. However, theory in income-shifting...