To evaluate the prevalence in Eastern Europe of a little discussed illegitimate wage practice in which employers pay their formal employees both a declared wage and an undeclared ‘envelope wage’, an extensive survey involving 10,671 face-to-face interviews in eleven post-socialist societies...

'This is a very stimulating book which should be read by everyone who wants to gain an understanding of the latest developments in the shadow economy.'--Friedrich Schneider, Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Austria. 'Professor Williams is to be congratulated for this timely contribution - a...

Those engaging in tax non-compliance have been conventionally explained as rational economic actors partaking when the benefits outweigh the costs, and thus public administrations have sought to enforce compliance using a deterrence approach which increases the risk of detection and penalties....