This paper offers an historical, economic, constitutional, and contextual survey of the New Zealand tax system. The focus is on income tax, but the paper also briefly describes the “goods services tax”, the name given to the New Zealand value added tax. The focus is on domestic taxation, but...

Among the possible responses to the problem of avoidance a country may enact a general anti-avoidance rule, couched in terms wide enough to frustrate tax planning strategies that have yet to be invented. One difficulty of general anti-avoidance rules is that they cannot be interpreted as undoing...

In his Technical Information Bulletin of February 1990 the Commissioner of Inland Revenue issued a policy statement on Section 99 of the New Zealand Income Tax Act 1976. Section 99 is a general anti-avoidance provision that voids for income tax purposes arrangements that have the purpose or...

A report on the International Tax Workshop of the University of New South Wales Taxation, Business, and Investment Law Centre held in August 1988. An important topic of the conference was the proposed Australian controlled foreign company and foreign trust legislation

A report on a conference organised jointly by the Institute of Policy Studies, Wellington, the Asian Pacific Tax and Investment Centre, Singapore, and the Australian Tax Research Foundation, Sydney. The purpose was to study judicial and legislative anti-avoidance measures and treaty policies in...

As commercial transactions and tax law have both become more complex, tax practitioners have called for the establishment of procedures whereby taxpayers can find out in advance the official opinion of the revenue authorities as to the tax implications of their proposed transactions. If formally...

This paper sets out the text and translations of over sixty of the world's general anti-avoidance rules. General anti-avoidance rules are found in taxation statutes. Known as “GAARs”, they are perhaps the most intractable of all statutory provisions, challenging alike to policy-makers,...