The paper summarizes knowledge on tax gaps in Poland with respect to PIT, CIT, VAT, and excise. An introduction to the Polish tax system is given, trends in tax collect ability and estimates of the tax gaps are discussed, and methods of combating tax evasion and avoidance are reviewed. The paper...

Many forms of value added tax (VAT) or goods and services tax (GST) include a tax refund scheme for goods acquired by tourists when they visit a jurisdiction. These schemes have not been widely researched, and this article aims to fill this gap by providing a detailed discussion of the policy,...