This book explores one of the most significant trends in the evolution of global tax systems by asking how, within less than half a century, the value-added tax (VAT) has risen from relative obscurity to become one of the world's most dominant revenue instruments. Despite its significance, very...

Based on a traditional legal dogmatic method, valid law is deduced with respect to general anti-abuse rules (GAARs) in Danish tax law. Accordingly, first it is discussed whether a court-developed general anti-avoidance doctrine can be considered to exist. Subsequently, the provision containing...

If interpreted in a strict legal sense, beneficial ownership rules in tax treaties would have no effect on conduit companies because companies at law own their property and income beneficially. Conversely, a company can never own anything in a substantive sense because economically a company is...

The book chapter charts a complex of ideas about how corporate and shareholder income was and ought to have been taxed over the course of the first half century of income taxation in South Africa (1914-1953). In this period, at least six phases with distinct patterns can be discerned. A close...

This article, quot;The Taxing Law of Taxpayer Standing,quot; is a comprehensive exploration of the issues raised by the Supreme Court case Hein v. Freedom from Religion, et al, 551 U.S. __ (2007). The Court in Hein denied standing to federal taxpayers challenging President Bush's faith-based...

The tax treatment of transactions under an emissions trading scheme is of critical importance as the taxation system has the potential to either distort or support the scheme. As pointed out in the Australian Government's recent discussion paper, the "Green Paper", the primary tax policy...

This Article addresses the legal consequences a taxpayer should consider when deciding whether to comply with the basic requirements of the federal income tax laws. A taxpayer considering noncompliance should consider the government's authority to assert criminal liability, impose civil tax...

This paper outlines the law and practice of international commercial arbitration in Japan, including comparative observations – especially with other jurisdictions that have adopted the UNCITRAL Model Law, such as Australia. The Introduction sets out general patterns, noting some recent...

Income Tax and National Insurance are now sufficiently similar that merging them appears to be a plausible option, yet still sufficiently different that integration raises significant difficulties. This paper surveys the potential benefits of integration – increased transparency and reduced...

Maßnahmen der Familienpolitik verteilen sich über unterschiedliche Rechtsgebiete, insbesondere das Steuer-, Sozial- und Unterhaltsrecht. Das historisch gewachsene Gefüge dieser Maßnahmen weist zahlreiche Schnittstellen zwischen Einzelregelungen auf, die nur selten bewusst gestaltet sind,...