For overlapping operations, the ALVs may need to process an unload transaction after processing a load transaction or vice versa. In such situations, the ALVs have to move from one QC location to another QC location or from one SC location to another SC location. In this section, we adopt the...

Many intra-logistics systems, such as automated container terminals, distribution warehouses, and crossdocks observe parallel process flows, which involve simultaneous (parallel) operations of multiple independent resources while processing a job. Due to the unknown service time of the job,...