This paper is concerned with developing a nonparametric time-varying coefficient model with fixed effects to characterize nonstationarity and trending phenomenon in nonlinear panel data analysis. We develop two methods to estimate the trend function and the coefficient function without taking...

This paper introduces a new specification for the heterogeneous autoregressive (HAR) model for the realized volatility of S&P500 index returns. In this new model, the coefficients of the HAR are allowed to be time-varying with unknown functional forms. We propose a local linear method for...