From B2B sales to AI-powered ecommerce, one common pricing mechanism is “list price - discount”: the seller first publishes a (committed) list price, then during interactions with a buyer, offers (non-committed) discounts off of the list price. Some B2B sellers never sell at their list...

In this paper we analyse a dynamic model of investment under uncertainty in a duopoly, in which each firm has an option to switch from the present market to a new market. We construct a subgame perfect equilibrium in mixed strategies and show that both preemption and attrition can occur along...

Discrete-time stochastic games with a finite number of states have been widely applied to study the strategic interactions among forward-looking players in dynamic environments. These games suffer from a “curse of dimensionality” when the cost of computing players’ expectations over all...

Oil prices remained relatively low but volatile in the 2015-17 period, largely due to declining and uncertain demand from China. This follows a prolonged decline from around $110 per barrel in June 2014 to below $30 in January 2016, due in large part to increased supply of shale oil in the US,...

We consider the optimal strategy of R&D expenditure adopted by a firm that engages in R&D to develop an innovative product to be launched in the market. The firm faces with technological uncertainty associated with the success of the R&D effort and market uncertainty of the stochastic revenue...