In this paper, the historical changes in the Dow Jones Industrial Average index are examined. The distributions of index changes over short to moderate length trading intervals are found to have tails that are heavier than can be accounted for by a normal process. This distribution is better...

Currency adjusted stock indices consider the impact of both stock value changes and underlying currency value changes on total wealth changes. This paper explores causality and cointegration of currency-adjusted indices using intraday data. This paper examines tick-by-tick data for seven...

A recent line of research develops currency adjusted stock indices. These indices incorporate the effects of both stock value changes and underlying currency value changes to measure wealth changes. This paper extends the extant literature by examining time series properties of currency-adjusted...

A recent research stream develops currency adjusted stock indices. The analysis in previous papers is limited to daily closing data. This paper extends the existing body of literature by examining tick data. We examine tick data from 2002 through 2013 for eight indices. In general, results show...

This paper presents stock indices that reflect changes in both stock value and underlying currency value. An earlier study develops the first known currency adjusted stock index. This paper extends the literature by utilizing a better measure of US dollar value to develop currency value adjusted...

Recent literature examines currency value adjusted indexes. The extant research examines U.S. stock indexes as adjusted for the value of the U.S. dollar and the value of gold. The literature examines only U.S. stock indexes. This paper extends the existing literature by examining currency...