Goal programming is an extension of linear programming. Suggests that, although linear programming is used widely in decision‐making processes, it has a major limitation which restricts the users of the technique to narrowing their problems to a single objective function. Goal programming was...

If strategic planning systems have failed it is because managers have failed to adapt them to the changed contexts of their businesses. Four distinct contexts are identified: Pioneer, Expand, Reorient, and Dominate. These labels are chosen to indicate the primary challenge for the business unit...

Companies can raise the spirit of their employees with gimmicky motivation programs, but this article argues that the new enthusiasm will not last long in a firm which lacks clear objectives and good leaders.