In this paper I develop a model of international duopoly, where firms invest in product differentiation. I show that firms have an incentive to free-ride on the investment of their rival, due to an externality generated by product differentiation. A further effect of product differentiation is...

The theory of strategic trade policy yields ambiguous recommendations for assistance to exporting firms in oligopolistic industries. However, some writers have suggested that investment subsidies are a more robust recommendation than export subsidies. We show that, although ambiguous in...