As a closed political economy becomes more open, the types and destinations of political ties that generate strategic benefits for firms change. In closed markets, the greatest benefits arise from formal ties to central political leaders. In more open markets, the benefits shift to informal ties...

This study examines how political ties with rival political parties can affect a firm's strategic decisions. Focusing on a firm's portfolio of ties in addition to dyadic ties, we offer a novel contingency model that specifies how the influence of political ties on strategy varies across...