Imitation is ubiquitous, yet the comparative efficacy of imitation strategies is poorly understood. A popular imitation strategy, sometimes called benchmarking, “mixes-and-matches” the practices common to leading firms. Using computational models, we compare benchmarking to the...

This paper develops a realistic real option theory of resource allocation decisions in strategic factor markets. Competitive advantage in factor markets is underpinned by market failures that allow firms to acquire assets at less than their value in use. We recognize that market failure may...

One of the key mechanisms of firms' strategic renewal is Ramp;D, and a key driver of the intensity of Ramp;D is industry context. A number of theories develop propositions linking industry factors to firm Ramp;D behavior, but these theories lack consensus. To date empirical tests have been...