Improving electricity access in low-income countries is a challenging problem because of the high costs of grid … extension and low demand for grid electricity in rural areas. This study elucidates these constraints by analyzing poor … households' willingness-to-pay for different types of electricity access, including lower cost off-grid technologies. The …

production capacity. In a zonal pricing electricity market, the one proposed by the European Commission to integrate the European … electricity markets, I analyze the effects that investments in transmission and production capacity have on consumer welfare and …

Zonal pricing electricity markets operate sequentially. First, the suppliers compete in a spot market. Second, to …