This paper examines the link between the long term orientation (LTO) dimension of national culture to transaction cost economics and relational exchange theory. Hypotheses were developed on the impact of LTO on multinational corporations’ (MNCs’) subsidiary ownership and expatriate staffing...

This study contributes to the subsidiary control literature by empirically demonstrating the importance of FDI legitimacy in determining subsidiary ownership and expatriate staffing levels. Based on organizational ecology theory (OET), our study considers the tension between legitimation and...

Adopting an organizational identity-enhanced cross-level organizational ecology theory (OET) approach, we investigate how multinational corporations (MNCs) make subsidiary location decisions in response to increasing subnational FDI legitimacy in China. We suggest that the three constituent...