Against the background of the 2007-2009 financial crisis which years of conspicuous debt buildup set the stage for and the persistence of debt overhand since then, tax deductibility of debt interest has come under increased scrutiny. The prevailing view is that such deductibility is a subsidy...

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effects of R&D intensity, R&D investment and tax incentives on firms' growth in Portugal, Italy, Greece and Spain from 2002 to 2014. Another ambition of this paper is to identify which selected factors affected firms' growth. The effect of variables such...

Governments use tax expenditures to boost investment, innovation and employment. However, these schemes are largely opaque, costly and often ineffective in reaching their stated goals. They also frequently trigger unwanted side effects. In order to improve the performance of these tools, the...

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) introduced several new policies in 2014, including an individual mandate, expanded Medicaid eligibility, and subsidized private coverage. Private subsidies include advance premium tax credits (APTCs) and cost-sharing reductions (CSRs)....

Tax expenditures are generally defined as those government expenditures carried out through tax legislation, regulations, and practices that reduce or defer taxes for some taxpayers. There is a general concern that the tax expenditures negatively affect the budget and tax policies, which in turn...

Using data from the California primary market, we find that on average Build America Bonds (BABs) have after-subsidy interest rates of approximately 72 basis points lower than tax-exempt bonds, and the saving increases with bond maturity. The implied tax rate for the marginal municipal bond...

We start out reviewing the justification for press subsidies. The social value of journalism can be larger than what the newspapers are able to extract because of knowledge externalities, public good characteristics of investigative journalism and non‐appropriability of consumer surplus. A...

In this report, Aprill and Mayer argue that there is no uniform answer to the question whether a tax exemption is a subsidy, and they urge policymakers and exempt organizations to note the distinctions when changes to laws or other guidance regarding exemption are under consideration